|
|
|
|
|
HELIOS EtherShare 2.6 User manual |
||||
The following list gives details about the hardware and software you need for successfully working with EtherShare 2.6 as released on HELIOS CD 015.
- One of the following UNIX systems:
- CD-ROM drive (or possibility of using a tape instead)
- 6 MB in the "/usr" file system, in addition to the individual disk storage requirements of each of the users
(This value is valid for pure EtherShare. It becomes considerably higher if you install any add-ons such as EtherShare OPI or PDF Handshake.)- about 1 MB RAM per active user
- about 1 MB RAM per printer queue that receives a job
- about 1 MB RAM per print process
- at least 64 MB RAM on the server
- at least one supported network adapter installed and activated
- RPC (UNIX) and TCP/IP must be installed and running
Note: For installing EtherShare, you have to be able to log in as "root" on your host.
- PostScript compatible printer
- Network printers are usually connected to the network via Ethernet (EtherTalk)
The Print Server also supports "TCP/IP streams", "Remote LPR", "Shared Memory", and "Print To Disk" connections. And - it also allows PostScript printers to be connected to the UNIX host via a serial port on the File Server. However, you may get problems with applications that send images as binary bitmap data, since serially connected PostScript printers interpret certain binary codes as control signals. (Please refer to chapter 11.6 "Configuring printers manually" for more information.) Accordingly, we recommend Ethernet, because it is transparent to 8-bit data and much faster than a serial connection - which is an important factor for images. See chapter 11 "The Print Server" for more information.This chapter describes the steps that are indispensable for a standard installation, and gives short explanations if necessary. Please remember that all activities you have to perform are marked by an "instruction" arrow in the left margin. For a quick installation, you may proceed directly from one instruction to the other and skip the explanations in between.
Our EtherShare 2.6 software is delivered on an ISO-9660 CD-ROM. For convenience, the CD-ROM also includes a script which allows you to copy each of the products to a standard installation tape. The procedure is described in chapter 4.4 below.
The installation is executed by two separated programs. The first program ("install.sh") must be started from the CD-ROM. It lets you select the product you want to install and copies all related files and the product specific installation program to the local disk of your UNIX computer. Then, the product specific installation program (here: "install") is started automatically by the "install.sh" program and guides you through the installation procedure. If required, "install" can be started again at any time from the local disk.
HELIOS issues EtherShare updates every now and then to enhance the product. These updates are distributed via the HELIOS Web server www.helios.de, and they are included on every HELIOS CD-ROM. The installation procedure for software updates is described in chapter 4.8 "Installing updates using the HELIOS update installer".
You cannot start the EtherShare software without a software activation key (kind of password). The key has to be entered during the installation procedure on your host computer. In case you have no activation key at hand, please follow the instructions given in paragraphs License information and What you have to do in the chapter "Welcome to EtherShare 2.6" at the beginning of this manual.
Note: If you do not enter any Activation Key the HELIOS product you have installed will run in a 3 hour demo mode only.
Under certain conditions, HELIOS issues so-called demo licenses. If you are entitled to get a demo license, you will receive an activation key for demonstration purposes that expires after a given period of time.
Important: The old EtherShare 2.2 activation key will not activate program version 2.6!
The UNIX host must be provided with a fully installed and fully configured operating system. You should have the rights to boot the host yourself, in case a reboot is necessary during installation. You must also be able to log in as the superuser ("root"), in order to allow the installation program to create subdirectories and make the required system modifications.
Since it may be necessary to reconfigure the operating system, no other users should be logged-in during the installation.
Important: Before starting the installation, you should create a backup copy of the system disk of your host computer.
If you have a network without routers you can use the EtherShare "Automatic configuration" option for network configuration. This also applies to networks with different zones and an existing AppleTalk router. For more information and manual EtherShare network configuration, see appendices A 3.3 "Network automatic configuration option" and A 3.5 "Manual network configuration".
The host's "/etc/hosts" file must contain the following loopback entry in addition to the host's own entry (and optional entries for other hosts):
EtherShare usually cannot co-exist on the same host with AppleTalk software, such as file servers, from other manufacturers (with the exception of Mac OS X Server and Linux). You must uninstall all other AppleTalk software on the host before installing EtherShare, and stop all related host processes.
Depending on your hardware which affects the installation procedure the C compiler and the linkable operating system may need to be installed.
Printers may need to be configured. Depending on the printer, this is done for example with DIP switches, front panel settings, or with Apple's "LaserWriter Utilities" program. With some printers, it is first necessary to unplug the serial interface cable before the printer's AppleTalk interface will operate (see the printer's documentation). For serial printers, please also refer to chapter 11.6 "Configuring printers manually".
If you want to install additional HELIOS products, e.g.
PCShare or EtherShare OPI, we recommend to install the programs on the server in a fixed order, namely the order that is suggested by the installation menu on your current product CD-ROM. The following order is valid for the HELIOS products as delivered on CD-ROM 015:
- install EtherShare 2.6 first
- install PCShare 3.0 second
- install EtherShare OPI 2.1 and/or PDF Handshake third
EtherShare's AppleTalk modules, which form the backbone of the EtherShare system, are either contained in a UNIX loadable module, which is designed to be added to the operating system during runtime, or in a driver which is built into the UNIX kernel during EtherShare installation. Kernel modifications require a system reboot. The behavior depends on the type of server: DG/UX e.g. does not support loadable modules. On some architectures dynamic loading is supported, whereas unloading requires a reboot.
If a Macintosh computer is to be connected via Ethernet or FDDI, it may need to have an appropriate network card installed. Please install the network card according to the manufacturer's instructions before installing EtherShare.
No changes are required to the Apple system software in order to use EtherShare. However, please make sure that each workstation has the option "AppleShare" in the Chooser. This option appears automatically if the "AppleShare" file is present in the "Extensions" subfolder of the System Folder when booting the Macintosh. If necessary, use the system program "Installer" to install the AppleShare client software. AppleShare is responsible for making the logical connection to all network devices of type "AFPServer". It allows users to log on to the EtherShare File Server and select file server volumes. Please refer to the Apple documentation for more details about AppleShare. Please note that Mac OS 8 contains the AppleShare client software by default. Installation is not required.
If you are using an Apple LaserWriter, Apple LaserWriter Plus or a compatible PostScript printer, the "LaserWriter" printer driver is required in the "Extensions" subfolder of the Macintosh's System Folder. "LaserWriter" is responsible for making the logical connection to all network devices of type "LaserWriter". Note that the Apple Laser Writer GX driver is not compatible to EtherShare and has to be uninstalled.
If you are using an ImageWriter II or ImageWriter LQ, appropriate printer drivers (such as "AppleTalk ImageWriter" for the ImageWriter II printer) must be present in the "Extensions" subfolder of the System Folder. "AppleTalk ImageWriter" is responsible for making the logical connection to all network devices of type "ImageWriter".
"AppleShare" and printer drivers such as "LaserWriter" are accessed through the Chooser to allow you to select network zones, file servers and printers. On some systems, the AppleTalk Zones: scroll box is only visible if you have any zones. Refer to the Apple Macintosh user manual for more details.
The AppleShare and AppleTalk files, and printer drivers such as "LaserWriter", are included in the standard Apple system software. If the AppleTalk connection is being made via Ethernet, FDDI, or Token Ring, the EtherTalk, FDDITalk, or TokenTalk file must also be available.
EtherShare is also provided with several Macintosh utility programs. One of these programs, Helios Mail, uses the UNIX "mail" program, which must be installed and working for Helios Mail to work. To test this, make a UNIX login and try to send a mail between two UNIX users. If necessary, refer to your UNIX documentation for details.
DOS/Windows PCs can also be connected to EtherShare, provided that appropriate software is installed on the server. A very convenient and fast way of connecting IBM-PC-compatible computers to your network is to use HELIOS PCShare 2.5 or higher which smoothly co-operates with EtherShare 2.6.
Please note that installing EtherShare 2.6 will require a stop of all EtherShare services, that is file access as well as spooling and printing. On some architectures even a reboot of the UNIX server is required. If EtherShare volumes are shared with PCShare 2.x on the same server, make sure to stop PCShare prior to the EtherShare 2.6 installation, otherwise the PCShare 2.x clients will encounter loss of write access to the shared volumes. Only after successful installation of EtherShare 2.6, PCShare server processes can be started again.
Before you install the new EtherShare 2.6 version you should make sure that all Macintosh users are logged-out from the EtherShare server and that there are no active print jobs. The installation script will stop all EtherShare services in order to install the new software version successfully.
You should keep all existing files in your old EtherShare directory. The EtherShare 2.2 configuration files in "$ESDIR/conf" are re-used by EtherShare 2.6 if the new version is installed on top of the old version in the same directory.
The EtherShare 2.6 distribution differs slightly from the earlier EtherShare 2.2 version; some data and program files became obsolete and will be moved to a directory "$ESDIR/obsolete" after a successful installation.
If you have changed any of the UNIX script files in the "$ESDIR" directory for your old EtherShare installation, you should make a copy of these files to integrate your changes into the new version.
In case you implemented your own scripts or adjusted some of EtherShare's, please verify these scripts immediately in order to assure proper operation of your scripts.
Due to major differences between EtherShare 1.x and EtherShare 2.6, EtherShare 1.x has to be removed prior to the EtherShare 2.6 installation. Therefore, you must run the "$ESDIR/stop-atalk" script to stop the EtherShare processes. You then need to run the "$ESDIR/etc/uninstall" script to uninstall any kernel extensions which may have been applied by an EtherShare installation script.
After you have written down the EtherShare 1.x configuration you must remove the complete contents of the EtherShare 1.x directory before you begin the installation of EtherShare 2.6. After the installation you can setup the new configuration according to your notes from the EtherShare 1.x configuration. After successful installation, a reboot of the UNIX server is required.
At first, we will describe the installation from CD-ROM. Instructions on how to install EtherShare from a tape are given at the end of this chapter.
During the installation, you are guided by menu-driven programs. Most questions in these programs have a default answer which is given in brackets. You can accept this default by simply pressing ENTER or type an alternative answer. If there is nothing within the brackets, the system will expect an entry from you.
Important: Please note that if you quit the installation before having finished the complete procedure, you will have to start with step 1 again when you install EtherShare anew. Do not skip any steps you think you have already taken.
Important: The following installation example describes the steps that are to be taken on an IBM RS/6000 computer under AIX 4. Slight deviations may occur - depending on your system type and configuration.
To start the installation, log in as "root" on your host.
For upgraders only: Please follow the instructions given in chapter 4.3.6 "Preparing upgrade installations" before proceeding.
Then place the CD-ROM in the CD drive of your UNIX computer and enter the mount and install commands which may be different for different UNIX systems. The correct commands for your specific computer are stated in the booklet we enclose to our CD-ROM.
As soon as you have entered the last command, the "Networking Products Installer CD-ROM" menu will appear (see figure 1).
Select EtherShare by entering the number of the respective menu item (here: 1) and press ENTER.
Read the information about update installations that is displayed now, and type y (for "yes") to continue.
Select the version you want to install. (This prompt is skipped automatically, if there is only one program version available on that CD-ROM.)
The program will then display a list of the currently available disk space. This list can help you find an adequate directory for EtherShare.
Select the directory you want to install EtherShare in (the default directory is /usr/local/es) and then start the installation procedure.
The installation program ("install.sh") now stops EtherShare, in case an older version is running on the server. Then, the program removes old updates - if there are any - and copies the EtherShare program files to the directory you have selected.
At this stage, you can induce the installation program to automatically start the HELIOS update installer and install all updates that are available on the CD-ROM. If there are no updates, this step is skipped. Otherwise, you will see a prompt similar to the following:
The following updates are available for the newly
installed product:
u0101: (subject line)
u0104: (subject line)
.
.
u0125: (subject line)
u0128: (subject line)
* Do you want to install these ? [y]
If you decide to install the updates now (which is convenient and thus recommended), the update installer will start and perform the installation automatically. Else, you can start the update installer manually at a later date and install the updates you want to use.
After update installation, the script will call the product specific installation program for EtherShare.
Calling product installation script
/usr/local/es/install
The product specific installation menu is shown in figure 2. Items 1 to 5 of this menu deal with the installation and Display README file should be selected if you want to check the latest information which has not done it into the manual yet.
Important: Items 1-3 must always be executed, even if you are upgrading from an earlier version.
Select Install programs and configuration files from the "EtherShare Installation Menu".
The "install" program automatically creates a suitable shell script to start the EtherShare server programs. The script includes a command to set the UNIX environment variable "$ESDIR" to the EtherShare home directory (by default /usr/local/es).
Setting up configuration files ...
Changing ESDIR variable in various shell scripts ...
Performing symlinks from files in /usr/local/es/lib to /usr/lib ...
Arranging for EtherShare to start automatically after the next reboot ...
To install a shared volume, we recommend that you choose the local partition from the following list with the
biggest available free space. Then use that partition's mount point (the rightmost column) as the prefix to the ethershare directory to be created. Please make sure that volumes do not overlap, e.g. do not make /home a volume if you want to access your home directory under /home/username.
The crontab entry to periodically clean up EtherShare log files does not exist. This entry will make sure that the server.acct and printer.acct files will not grow without bounds.
Please note that Ok to create the crontab entry ? may fail on hosts on which "root" privileges have been manipulated. In case of failure, please refer to the crontab manual pages.
Select item Install and configure AppleTalk kernel modules from the "EtherShare Installation Menu".
Important: You must select item [2], even though a kernel rebuild may not be required on all platforms. The script will verify this and will behave accordingly.
The script will have to perform configuration and administrative tasks for a successful installation. So this part of the installation may be different for different platforms.
In case the installation program installs a new kernel it will inform you about the steps it will take. The program will finally come up with the prompt:
If your answer to this question is n (for "no"), you will have to copy the kernel manually to the directory "/".
Please note that after a kernel rebuild you will have to reboot the system after installation. The installation script will inform you about this as well.
Now, you have to license your HELIOS product.
Select Enter activation key to license Helios programs from the "EtherShare Installation Menu".
Press RETURN and then select item [1] or [2] - depending on whether you want to install a new base license or expand an existing license - from the "EtherShare License Menu" that is shown below.
Enter your 8-digit software serial number.
Enter an expiration date if you have a demo license.
Enter the number of users allowed to work with this license.
Enter the checksum that is stated on your "Activation Key Reply" form.
Important: If you get any error messages instead of the License is valid ... prompt, you may check your entry again and repeat the licensing procedure if necessary.
Make sure you have used the correct key reply form values.
When all procedures to enter the Activation Key fail, direct to your HELIOS distributor, or - if you received the key from HELIOS directly - to HELIOS.You have successfully licensed your EtherShare copy and may now choose from the "EtherShare License Menu" either item [3] to display all license information again, or item [5] to return to the "EtherShare Installation Menu".
Proceed to item [4] in the "EtherShare Installation Menu" and create a demo user to allow Macintosh users to log on to the server without further configuration.
Select a home directory for the demo user as shown below.
* Home directory for user macuser ? [/data/macuser]
Created group "macusers" for Macintosh users.
The test user "macuser" has now been created. This user has no password at present. This user should be deleted as soon as you have created real users, for example by using the EtherShare Admin program.
When you see the "EtherShare Installation Menu" again, choose [5] to configure the network connections by setting up the "atalkd" entry in the main EtherShare configuration file "atalk.conf".
If your EtherShare host has a single network interface only, you will get the following message when you select
This system has only one network interface installed, thus there is no need to configure any network numbers.
Else, if your host has more than one network interface, the AppleTalk Network Setup Program "netconf" will be started automatically. It will, by default, show "Automatic configuration" for every network interface. You can - at this stage - press ENTER and then quit "netconf". In some cases, however, it will be necessary to configure your network manually. The usage of the "netconf" program is described later in this manual: See A 3.3 "Network automatic configuration option" for a technical explanation of automatic configuration, and the other paragraphs of the appendix for details about manual configuration of network interfaces and zones.
Unless you opt for manual network configuration, the EtherShare base system is now fully installed and is ready for testing. Press ENTER to reach the "EtherShare Installation Menu" again and choose [6] to check the information given in the README file and then item [7] to quit the "install" program:
The EtherShare configuration is now finished. If you want to add printers, users, groups or volumes, read the book first and use vi, or use our EtherShare Admin application from one of the Macs. The latter is much easier, even if you are experienced with vi (the famous UNIX editor).
For No kernel generation necessary only: If loadable modules are supported and enabled, you will not be asked to reboot. Instead, the installation program will start EtherShare automatically and you will see the "Networking Products Installer CD-ROM" menu again. Select Quit to finish the installation procedure on the host and go on with the verification and client installation (chapters 4.5, 4.6).
For systems with kernel rebuild only: If a kernel rebuild was necessary on your host you have to reboot now.
Because we have now built a new kernel, it is time to halt the system and reboot with the modified kernel.
If you want to add printers, users, groups or volumes, read the book first and use vi, or use our EtherShare Admin application from one of the Macs. The latter is much easier, even if you are experienced with vi (the famous Unix editor).
Note: If it was necessary for the installation process to modify your UNIX kernel, the old kernel version is preserved as a copy with the same file name but a different extension (e.g. ".noatalk"). The dialog of the "install" program will tell you whether this was necessary or not, and which file name was chosen for the old copy.